Essay on P5 BTEC Level 3 unit 38 - 1402 Words

P5- In this task I am going to look at how The business are impacted by European and international factors, I will also look at what impact these factors cause The business The first implication that will impact The business is the European Union, which has been in a deep recession this is because consumer demand has fallen, whilst unemployment rates are increasing across the European union. This has caused great concern to global markets as the possibility that Greece may not be able to pay of their outstanding debts, this could result into the them defaulting the Eurozone, however there is some stability but this situation is very delicate because the European Central Bank and also the International monetary fund, have†¦show more content†¦Interest rates in the EU and UK will affect The business because if the base rate are low this is good because it will allow consumer to get cheaper loans allowing them to purchase the business luxuries like items, also it allows people to finance cars cheaper because the base interest rate is low. The exchange rate will could work as a benefit to the business this is because if other countries currency is weaker than the US this will mean they will look to sell there for more profit because they will have to pay foreign currency for the product. So if the Euro exchange rate falls this could be seen good because it will mean that countries in the Euro will have to pay more for The business cars, however this can cause more problems for The business because it will mean that some consumers may not be able to afford the companies products. However another advantage is that this would mean that they could have cheaper parts from the suppliers because the exchange rate has fallen. In the European union there are many different rules that you have to comply with to get one of them is the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which attempts to rationalise farming and the production of food and other farmed produce, this is done by allowing subsides to be paid to farmers to grow certain crops, however money spent in the EU can not be spent on reliving unemployment, which is a major concern in all EU states. I am going to look at howShow MoreRelatedunit 16958 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿BTEC NATIONAL IN BUSINESS (LEVEL 3) Unit 16 – Human Resource Management in Business The study of human resource management will help you understand an organisation, its structure, the way it works and its culture. Organisations need their employees to contribute effectively to the achievement of the organisational purpose. In order to achieve this, staff will have to be properly selected, trained and managed. Managers have to understand how to motivate employees and win their commitment to theRead MoreUnit 38 Business and Economic Environment4792 Words   |  20 PagesUnit 38: Unit code: QCF Level 3: Credit value: Business and the Economic Environment T/502/5500 BTEC National 10 Guided learning hours: 60 Aim and purpose The aim of this unit is to introduce learners to the interaction between the general economic environment and business activity and how the interactions generate national wellbeing. Learners will study how government activities regulate and influence business activities and how business activities influence government action and policyRead Moreunit 38 Accounting2172 Words   |  9 PagesUnit 38 Business and the Economic EnvironmentLearner name Assessor nameSameeha Hussain/Antonio ZarroDate unit issuedUnit DeadlineDate unit submitted by student27/01/1419/04/14 Criteria referenceTo achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able toAsst Task no. Assessor initial date when metPASS CRITERIAP1 Explain the effects of changes in the economic environment on a selected business P2 Identify how government policies impact on a selected business P3 Identify the impactRead MoreEvent Driven Programming5602 Words   |  23 PagesBTEC Extended Diploma for IT Practitioners Event Driven Programming (2010) ~ Unit 14 ~ Unit Code : F/601/7281 Level 3 14.P1 14.P2 14.P3 14.P4 14.P5 14.P6 14.M1 Explain the key features of event driven programs. Demonstrate the use of event driven tools and techniques. Design an event driven application to meet defined requirements. Implement a working event driven application to meet defined requirements. Test an event driven application. Create onscreen help to assist the users of a computer program

The Black Death Plague - 795 Words

The Black Death is one of the worst disease in ancient history. It was an epidemic that killed millions of people between 1349-1351.Many people suffered from lack of care and lack of remedy, also it became difficult to find a medical person to diagnose such a horrible disease. Boccaccio, Tura and Venette describe the physical and social effect of Europe when the Plague had begun. In this selection, they describe how people respond and changed their behaviors .People were so scared from Plague therefore, some of them searched isolated place to abode .Another type of people would enjoyed the life with drinking ,singing, dancing, and telling jokes with each other and tried to forget the horrible disease. Other types of people believed to run away from effected place and they abandon all their family and belongings. Plague killed a lot of people and it effected on Europe’s population. The Black Death changed the existing population of Europe .Many people died and who could survived their birth rate declined. The result decreased of Europe’s population and it became half than before. The Black Death became obstacle in the development of medieval society which was going in progress at that time. At that time, there were not enough people for work therefore the effect was shortage of labor. In this period land were not cultivated, and labor cost was higher because after the Black Death population stopped growing and diminished. Due to the shortage of labor and increasing ofShow MoreRelatedDeath by the Black Plague1017 Words   |  4 Pages The plague was the most devastating pandemic in human history, killing around 80-200 million people mostly throughout Europe, leaving most people back then wondering how they and others got sick and died. â€Å"Evidence available from rural continental Europe suggests a slow spread of human mortality across trade and trav el routes, patterns consistent† (Carmichael 3), until after multiple inventions such as printing, word spread of this murderer, preventing more deaths and to treat those affected. ThisRead MoreBlack Death : The Black Plague1048 Words   |  5 Pagesbody: without employment, is a disease- the rest of the soul is a Plague, a hell itself† (Smiles, Samuel). The Black Death, also known as the Bubonic Plague, came to existence in the Fourteenth Century. It was transferred from Asia in the late 1340s and caused a mass eruption in Europe. It was a very dark time period of history, which changed the way people viewed religion, fellow citizens, and life. In the 1300s, the century of the Plague, there were many poor conditions. One example was the home itselfRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1798 Words   |  8 Pagesoutbreaks of the Black Death pandemic in the world. In the history the Black Plague is also called as the Black Death or Bubonic Plague. This research paper will mainly cover the European outbreak of the 14th century as it is considered to be the era of the worst time of the Black Death period. Many historians would agree that the events of 1300s led to dramatic changes affecting every European country in all the aspects. Creating economic, social, religious, and medical issues, the Black Death caused renovationRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1484 Words   |  6 Pagestriggered not by humans, but by plagues. Plagues, defined as an epidemic with an amazingly high mortality rate according to the Merriam Webster dictionary, have been recorded throughout history, from the Plague of Justinian in Rome, to the Modern Plague of China (CDC). To the common man, all s/he sees is, the plague arrives, kills tens of millions of people, and then disappears into the night. In reality, the plague does not disappear quietly. The outbreak of a plague leaves a lasting legacyRead MoreBlack Death : The Black Plague768 Words   |  4 PagesThe Black Plague is known as the most fatal disease in the worlds history! The disease killed nearly one-third of Europe’s population in the fourteenth century. The Black Plague is also known as the Black Death and was transmitted to humans by rodents such as rats and spread due to extremely unsanitary living conditions. European cities such as Paris and London were most devastatingly affected by the Black Plague The Black Plague is transmitted from fleas to rodents such as rats or mice to humansRead MoreThe Black Death Of The Plague1638 Words   |  7 Pageshave crawled across the globe was called the Black Death. The first known case of The Plague was reported in China in 224 B.C. although this is not the period in time when it would become its most dangerous. It is believed that because China was such an important trade center at the time, diseased animals and their infected fleas were unknowingly transported along with goods via The Silk Road to Western Europe and Asia. Centuries later, the Black Plague would rear its head and swallow nearly halfRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1797 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Black Death, the plague is one of the most disastrous events in Europe’s natural history. England underwent serious modifications concerning it politically, socially, and economically as a result of the contagion. The Black Death, a plague that devastated Medieval Engla nd from 1347 to 1351, tremendously modified the Middle Ages; the pandemic contains a complex history that drastically altered England’s economy and people’s religious views. To start off, the first wave of the Black Death beganRead MoreBlack Death And The Black Plague1234 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death, also known as the Black Plague, was one of the most deadliest diseases of all time. This disease came to Europe around 1347 C.E, by merchants from East Asia. The Black Plague then spread all across Europe, and killed over 25,000,000 people. The Black Death had its effect on many things. The peasant and noble differentiation was realized to be bogus, the belief in religious authorities came under question, and poor people actually benefited from the Black Death. After the epidemicRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1035 Words   |  5 Pagesbegin with the most iconic epidemic, The Black Death. It will then discuss some of similar epidemics that have followed after and different treatments. This paper will show the progression of medicine and health around the world and the advancements in technology that have increased the lives of many individu als. The Black Death: The Black Death also known as the bubonic plague is considered a turning point in the development of medicine and science. This plague first occurred in China during the earlyRead MoreBlack Death : The Black Plague1876 Words   |  8 PagesThe Black Plague Sickness times a thousand equals the Black Death. In our world, many disasters have occurred, causing terrible damage emotionally, physically, and mentally. However, I believe that the Black Death is the worst disaster to have occurred throughout our world’s history. It all started in 1348, when trading ships from different countries around Europe settled at the port of Messina, Sicily. Once the ship dropped their anchor many of their sailors were found dead, and the few surviving

The Turn of the Screw by Henry James Free Essays

Henry James is well-known for crafting fine literature. One special short piece, The Turn of the Screw, taps into a topic that received great acclaim in the era it was published: ghosts. It was initially released at the tail-end of the 19th century, and followed up with 20th century critical essays regarding this saga. We will write a custom essay sample on The Turn of the Screw by Henry James or any similar topic only for you Order Now Turn of the Screw was first released when actual ghost-sighting incidents were so common that they became coffee-table discussion. My focus is, in fact, on the subject of ghosts. After reading James’s work, I believe that the governess and her ghost incidents were actually a figment of her imagination, based largely on her unstable mental health. I will offer my reflections as to why our governess was tripped-up and tricked into believing she saw phantoms. The main thrust of her disillusionment came from her mental illness. The history behind The Turn of the Screw is woven to the argument between the apparition-believers and the non-apparition traditionalists. The phenomenological spirit-hunter controversy has been wide spread, even in this day and age of the 21st century. In order to stay true to Henry James, it is important to define what I mean by apparition and non-apparition. According to James’s time period—which I will be true to in my assessment—I will clarify that an apparition refers to explanations in which ghosts are seen to be very real figures or a manifestation of paranormal activity existing in a person’s field of vision. Non-apparition, instead, infers that the explanations in which ghosts are viewed are actually hallucinations of the mind. This is the standard terminology used in The Turn of the Screw. From the beginning, although James has a captive means of expressing himself through story-telling, one major criticism is that the stories he creates are too far-fetched. He misses out on incorporating the essence of reality into his story, which immediately sends reads on a downward spiral away from realism. The story does not tell about life and the journals of the governess. Instead the governess and the supporting characters (which includes ghost figments) are not people we’d easily associate with in life. James has a focus in his novella, but the thematic structure is too narrow in the sense that he ignores incorporating daily-life experience and background structure—both in characterization and scenery. Readers cannot truly take his account as a subject of realism. When we look at his characters and plot-structure, it becomes clear that James excluded huge segments of society. He was not concerned with low-class families or even the middle class. He wrote of nothing in regards to the common man. Instead, his interest lie solely in envisioning a class of people devoted to the luxuries of high class status. So, in order to follow along with Henry James, we must pay a ticket, so-to-speak, to enter his special world of an elite cast from another planet of thinking. First, we must agree to the boundaries of his world. Then, and only then, can we consider him to be a realist. However, it’s important to point out that James is true to his characters. He never violates the laws of his reality. His is, in effect, a faithful storyteller and his characters are always understandable. Robert Lee Wolff, for instance, in his published piece, The Genesis of The Turn of the Screw, points out that there were many skeptics who felt that readers who believed in this supernatural tale were, in effect, caught in the trap of Henry James. It was viewed as a â€Å"cold artistic calculation† on the part of its highly entertained author (Wolff p. 125). As we look at the governess in the first few turns of the story, we see how James very deliberately and carefully sets up the machinery where the governess first witnesses the ghosts. The governess believes in these ghost-incidents but refuses to investigate the situation. It’s difficult to believe our governess would not be shaken by curiosity in hopes of validating her visions. It’s also apparent that the governess takes a liking to her employer and she wants him to go on these walks with her, in hopes of them both seeing the ghosts. But she does not. This is very uncharacteristic of a mentally stable person. James leaves room for the reader to decide whether or not it’s her infatuation or psychotic visions that has a hold of her. It seems, to me, that her imagination, along with her mental fragility, are the keys that lead her to imagine the ghosts, instead of actually seeing them. To back up my claim, Francis Roellinger cites the following, If James emphasized the artistic limitations of the â€Å"recorded and arrested† ghosts, it is chiefly to make clear to the reader his reasons for ignoring these limitations in the construction of his own phantoms† (Roellinger 135). With working with children during the day, the governess discovers the magic within the children—and their own individual gravity toward curiosity and uncovering the truth of situations. Yet, her state of mind seems to cloud her vision. This further strengthens my plea that these ghosts were actually figments of her imagination. The governess does spend time discussing these apparition sightings with Mrs. Grose. They learn that the man died after falling on the ice after a drunken evening at a tavern. The history of recent dead individuals includes the previous governess who died last year. Are these dead the ghosts she sees? We then discover that the children know of these ghosts, but are hiding this information from the adults. James has a spine-tingling means of crafting his story, yet the believability fall short with his lack of realism and superficial details. Later, other critics saw his work lacking realistic integrity. Robert Lee Wolff added that Henry James created a governess that certainly suffered from mental illness. Wolff wrote, â€Å"the tortured forms and expressions, are proof positive that he regards the governess, who sees the ghosts and tells the story, as a neurotic, suffering from sex repression (Wolff p. 126). Another critic, in the same published essay by Wolff, was cited as locating several situations that carried Freudian significance, which integrated our governess’s final pedophile passion for the young boy. The governess, in the end, scares him out-of-his-mind, frightening him to death. In reading a story so heavily laced with ghost appearances, how is it that the governess is such a stoic in regards to keeping her fear-factor at bay? This question brings to mind the notion that our governess might have some secret desire for fear or even pain. How else could she perpetuate her relations with the young boy child to the point of utter contempt regarding sexual desire? The situation weighs too heavily in favor of the governess’s mental instability being a driving force that leads her to imagine that she sees these ghosts. As we consider it deeper, her illness can be paralleled to imagining some of the scenes where children—according to her—are chatting with an apparition. On top of this, her solitude and lack of having a lover or partner in her life further distresses her situation. In essence, we can view this entire tale as a battle of good versus evil—not paranormal reality. The governess could also be considered a person who created this ghost scenario upon innocent children, which would be an extremely neurotic tendency on her part. She feels so alone and, when the children are in confidence with the ghosts, she creates a scenario, through her excessive imagination that holds little remorse for the repercussions that might occur to the children or other characters in the story. In conclusion, it’s clear that this is a story of a mentally unstable woman who uses her neuroses to create this universe of ghosts. It’s her means of communicating with others, after her younger years did not lead her to love. She is a deeply unstable individual, flawed with ruin. She is not the type of person who would be able to deal with these spine-tingling events with the conviction she displayed. This character trait in the governess along with other unrealistic situations in the story, offer no other solution than to consider it as a purely fabricated and imaginary chain of events. How to cite The Turn of the Screw by Henry James, Papers

Leadership in Early Childhood Education

Question: Discuss about the Leadership in Early Childhood Education. Answer: Early Childhood Education is an integral field in the society as it focuses on empowering children and reducing poverty as well as educating children. The field for a long time has been run and managed by women who are considered better child nurses than men. Leadership in this field is very significant since it entails women leadership. The success of any given organization is usually attributed to good leadership. ECEC is a recognised field in Australia, embedded in the national as well as the state curriculum. The program is funded by the government through the ministry of education (Selznick, 2011). The personnel in the ECEC sector are based at the centre level and therefore their leadership is mainly based at the ECEC centres. Since their services are based at the ECEC centre level, leadership by the ECEC personnel is focussed on the leadership values executed when dealing with the ECEC children, parents to the children, the community under which they serve as well as their interactions with the governments (Aaker Joachimsthaler, 2012 . Having to deal with people from diverse backgrounds, it is essential for the ECEC personnel to possess special leadership skills to enable them handle the duties they are tasked with. Due to the nature of their job as well as the people they handle, ECEC personnel ought to be caring persons. Busch and Woodrow viewed the ancient character of the ECEC personnel as that which demands one to be a caring woman who is capable to deliver good service to the nation demonstrated by their quality labour as well as ready to sacrifice self for the communit y (Carroll, et al. 2008). Just like the leadership of any organization, good leadership in Early Childhood Development plays a role in ensuring that learning is effective in the Australian ECEC centres. The leadership a part from representing the image of the ECEC centres plays crucial roles that ensures that the centres are on their feet running (Northouse, 2012). The leaders plan, control, direct, lead, motivate, coordinate as well as recruit for the ECEC centres. Therefore leadership in ECEC is both a technical model, a behaviour, a matter of style as well as a philosophy. A leadership model comprises theories and ideas used in an attempt to providing effective leadership. Leadership in ECEC is a complicated phenomenon since it entails dealing with young children who are very delicate as well as dealing with parents and the community. To lead in this field, one requires not only to possess the qualities of an ordinary leader but to have exceptional leadership skills. The job entails dealing with children who may not be able to communicate, some who are violent, others with various medical conditions among other issues. Australian ECEC leadership is mostly based on team leadership where the personnel work as a unit to realize their goals. Moreover, the profession due to its nature calls for and encourages servant leadership where the personnel have to go an extra mile to ensure the safety and well-being of the young and delicate children. According to these theories, leaders are individuals born with exceptional leadership qualities and born with a destiny to lead. The leaders needed not to be trained on leadership skills since according to these theories, leaders are born and not made. Such leaders would simply excel in their leadership positions due to their personality (Avolio, et al. 2009). To support this theory, Shaw (1976) and Fraser (1978) conducted a research after which they came to the conclusion that leaders would score higher marks in innate traits such as intelligence, sociability, popularity and verbal ability. Nonetheless, Woodraw, Busch and HARD argue against the use of this theory in the ECEC since it is masculine and underplays the role of women leadership. Behavioural Ideals of leadership This theory looked at the effectiveness of a leader by observing the behaviours of the leader that were considered to be most effective. According to this theory, if a leader wants to be successful in his/her leadership, he/she must select one ideal style of behaviour that will see him/her perform the leadership duties effectively (Nahavandi, 2016). In 1964, Jane Mouton and Robert Blake came up with a Managerial Grid model to highlight the behavioural styles to be implemented in order for a leader to provide effective leadership. According to them as presented in the Management Grid, effective leadership should depict concern for people as well as a concern for production. An effective leader should have the interests of the people he/she is leading at heart and ensure that at all times the people feel motivated to perform the given tasks efficiently and to achieve a common goal (Gibson McDaniel, 2010). The personnel in the Australian ECEC put the interest of the children first. The leadership ensures that the safety of the child is taken care of before anything else. The ECEC leadership view children as their own and would to greater lengths to protect the child even from their parents whenever cases of any abuse arise. This theory is premised on the idea that the actions of a leader ought to change from time to time in accordance with the circumstances the leader is facing at the time of providing the leadership. This theory allows for and encourages flexibility of leaders to fit in with the changing trends in the leadership styles (Savage Honeycutt, 2011). The leader should adopt new and better leadership methods according to the situation at hand to ensure that they are able to address the problem presented amicably. Leadership in ECEC in Australia has adopted this model. The leadership is free and flexible and changes whenever need be for the sake of the children. For instance, the leadership will easily change the teaching methods whenever it is realized that the method being used is not friendly to a specific child. This leadership model puts great emphasis on the roles the leader has to perform. As opposed to coming up ideal ways of behaving at the organizing or trying to match the circumstances, functional theories of leadership puts emphasis on the crucial areas that needs the leaders urgent action in order for the leader to be considered effective in their leadership (Olson, 2008). The leadership of ECEC encourages performance of individual teachers. Through testing of the skills acquired by the children, the leadership is able to establish whether the techniques used by the individual teachers are effective or not. Integrated Psychological theories of leadership In this model of leadership, the leader employs the use of the ideals of the other four models of leadership while at the same time addresses the inner psychology of the leader. ECEC leadership observes the performance of the child as a result of the techniques used by the specific teachers; how the teacher handles the children as well as how flexible the teacher is when dealing with children of varied capabilities (Trompenaars Voerman, 2009). This technique ensures that the interests of the child come first. Leadership Styles in Early Childhood Education Country Club Style- Using this leadership style, the leadership in the Australian ECEC is concerned with the welfare of the children than just teaching the curriculum. The ECEC leader freely mingles with his juniors and creates a cordial relationship that makes the juniors happy. (Miner, 2015). The leader is more concerned with making the children happy while in school and feeling at home while in the school. Team Style-This style puts emphasis on the task equally as the emphasis put on the employees. Employees are encouraged to own the task and motivated to perform the task without feeling coerced. This is the best leadership style since it adopts a collaborative approach and encourages consultation. The leadership in the Australian ECEC puts emphasis in the welfare of the children as well as are concerned in teaching the curriculum as set by the national/state government to the children. Participative/democratic Style- The leadership in the Australian ECEC encourages and allows the participation of children in deciding the topics they want to learn, the places they wish to tour as well as the teachers they want to teach them. Through this style, the ECEC children acquire the necessary confidence to face the world. Delegative/Laissez-Fair Style- The leadership in the Australian ECEC program encourages children leadership. They do this by allowing the young children to participate in the running of some of the programmes as well as decisions of the ECEC centres. This starts right from class level where children are allowed to present before their colleagues acting as the teacher. This builds their confidence and enhances their leadership as well as presentation skills. At group level, children are allowed to set the rules of engagement when doing class duties. Leadership philosophies used in the Australian ECEC Leadership philosophy refers to the way leaders think and behave while in leadership. Through analysing the leadership philosophies, one is able to identify and explain essential aspects of leadership such as belifes, values, morality, ethics, society, civilization, relationships, politics among others (Hoel, et al. 2010). They include; Australian ECEC leadership encourages servant leadership where leaders put the interests of the children first. This philosophy eliminates materialistic vices such as corruption in leadership of the ECEC centres. A servant leader is not motivated by material gain in serving his subjects but rather by the passion for the job and love for the people. Good leadership calls for the leaders to be themselves and not to pretend to be who they are not. Australian ECEC leadership encourages authentic leadership and teaches the same to the children to make them authentic leaders of tomorrow. ECEC leaders are expected and encouraged to engage in morally upright behaviour and always know that the society looks up to them as role models. ECEC leaders should conduct themselves in a manner that replicates the values expected of them. They should avoid by all costs engaging in acts that will put the position they hold to question (Clarke, 2013). In conclusion, leadership is a position of great significance in the society. Leaders are viewed as role models to members of society. For this reason, leaders of ECEC centres should at all times conduct themselves in a manner that will protect the image of the position and promote good values to the society (Limsila Ogunlana, 2008). They should shun away from negative vices and use their position to be a blessing to the society and not to manipulate the society. References Aaker, D. A., Joachimsthaler, E. (2012). Brand leadership. Simon and Schuster. Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., Weber, T. J. (2009). Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions. Annual review of psychology, 60, 421-449. Carroll, B., Levy, L., Richmond, D. (2008). Leadership as practice: Challenging the competency paradigm. Leadership, 4(4), 363-379. Clarke, S. (2013). Safety leadership: A meta?analytic review of transformational and transactional leadership styles as antecedents of safety behaviours. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86(1), 22-49. Derue, D. S., Nahrgang, J. D., Wellman, N. E. D., Humphrey, S. E. (2011). Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta?analytic test of their relative validity. Personnel psychology, 64(1), 7-52. Gibson, C. B., McDaniel, D. M. (2010). Moving beyond conventional wisdom: Advancements in cross-cultural theories of leadership, conflict, and teams. Perspectives on Psychological science, 5(4), 450-462. Hoel, H., Glas, L., Hetland, J., Cooper, C. L., Einarsen, S. (2010). Leadership styles as predictors of self?reported and observed workplace bullying. British Journal of Management, 21(2), 453-468. Miner, J. B. (2015). Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Nahavandi, A. (2016). The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Ncube, L. B. (2010). Ubuntu: A transformative leadership philosophy. Journal of Leadership Studies, 4(3), 77-82. Northouse, P. G. (2012). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage. Olson, K. (2008, October). The Relationship Between Stewardship Theory of Management and Employee Engagement: A Case Study of Exploration of Leadership Philosophy of a Professional Services Firm. In Midwest Academy of Management Annual Conference. Savage-Austin, A. R., Honeycutt, A. (2011). Servant leadership: A phenomenological study of practices, experiences, organizational effectiveness, and barriers. Journal of Business Economics Research (JBER), 9(1). Selznick, P. (2011). Leadership in administration: A sociological interpretation. Quid Pro Books. Trompenaars, F., Voerman, E. (2009). Servant Leadership Across Cultures: Harnessing the Strength of the World's Most Powerful Leadership Philosophy. Infinite Ideas. Limsila, K., Ogunlana, S. O. (2008). Performance and leadership outcome correlates of leadership styles and subordinate commitment. Engineering, construction and architectural management, 15(2), 164-184.